{"id":10254,"date":"2022-07-24T10:37:59","date_gmt":"2022-07-24T10:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petinya.org\/blog\/?p=10254"},"modified":"2022-07-24T10:37:59","modified_gmt":"2022-07-24T10:37:59","slug":"dunya-uzerindeki-en-onemli-gemi-batiklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petinya.org\/blog\/dunya-uzerindeki-en-onemli-gemi-batiklari\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya \u00dczerindeki En \u00d6nemli Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong>: D\u00fcnya genelinde ke\u015ffedilen ve ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen bir\u00e7ok gemi bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor. Tarihteki ilk gemi bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffi<\/strong> 1961 senesinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. 60 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan bu ke\u015fif sonras\u0131nda ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar y\u00fczlerce geminin bat\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131labildi. D\u00fcnyadaki bat\u0131klar<\/strong> bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin ilgisini \u00e7ekerken \u00f6zellikle bu alanda ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgi \u00e7eken \u00f6nemli gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\n

<\/span>Uluburun ve Gelidonya Burnu<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"uluburun
Uluburun Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bat\u0131klar\u00a0d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden ziyaret\u00e7ileri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski bat\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Uluburun ve Gelidonya bat\u0131klar\u0131 Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 gemisi olarak biliniyor. Bu iki bat\u0131k Antalya\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda ke\u015ffedildi. 1960 senesinde kaz\u0131lan Gelidonya bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte denizden tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilen ilk bat\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Bu gemi bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 3200 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenmi\u015f ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> aras\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelidonya gemisi Suriyeli ya da K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 bir t\u00fcccara ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bir bat\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde birtak\u0131m metal yap\u0131m\u0131 malzemeler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli aletler bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Skuldelev Gemileri<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"skuldelev\"
Skuldelev Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n Roskilde k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki s\u0131\u011f sulardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan birtak\u0131m gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir ziyaret\u00e7i ak\u0131n\u0131na u\u011fruyor. 11. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen bu gemilerin Viking gemileri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu gemilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na 1962 senesinde ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hala devam etmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde bir deniz kanal\u0131n\u0131n istilac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ilmemesi i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok gemi i\u00e7leri ta\u015f doldurularak su alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda yine bir\u00e7ok asilzadenin de mezar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli gemi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski devirlerde Viking asilzadelerinin gemileri ile birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Skuldelev gemileri de hem gemi yap\u0131m\u0131 teknikleri hem de o d\u00f6nemdeki geli\u015fmi\u015f gemi in\u015fas\u0131 konusunda \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgiler vermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ke\u015fiflerden sonra Vikingler hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgiler edinme \u015fans\u0131 da bulunmu\u015ftur. Hatta Skuldelev sonras\u0131nda Dublin yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131 Viking tarihi hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bilinmedik s\u0131rlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Yenikap\u0131 (T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131klar\u0131)<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"yenikapi
Yenikap\u0131 Gemi Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bat\u0131klar<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli Bizans gemi toplulu\u011fu da yer almaktad\u0131r. Marmaray \u0130stasyon kazas\u0131n\u0131n 2004 senesinde ba\u015flamas\u0131 Bizans\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen liman duvar 34 tane gemi ve insan yerle\u015fim katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne bir\u00e7ok ah\u015fap taraklar, amfora ve deve iskeletleri bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bulunanlar aras\u0131nda Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait olan ticaret gemileri, Galea ad\u0131 verilen sava\u015f gemileri ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 tekneleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u0130spanya Bajo De La Campana<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"bajo
Bajo De La Campana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2700 \u00f6nce batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Bajo de la Campana gemisi \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Cartegena \u015fehrinin a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunan \u00f6nemli bir bat\u0131kt\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonras\u0131nda bu bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk defa bulunan bir Fenike gemisi oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geminin g\u00f6vde par\u00e7alar\u0131 yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok seramik ve bronz buluntular da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda fildi\u015fleri, kehribarlar ve \u00e7am f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok buluntu su y\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar neticesinde bu geminin bir ticaret gemisi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bilgiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ticaret imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n denizcilikte nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan biridir. Fenikelilerin de tarihi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kubilay Han Donanmas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"kubilay
Kubilay Han Donanmas\u0131 \u2013 Kubilay Han\u2019\u0131n Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kubilay Han\u2019\u0131n emri ile Mo\u011fol, Kore ve \u00c7in askerlerinin 1274 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu sald\u0131r\u0131 tarihteki en b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan biriydi. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda binlerce gemi i\u00e7erisinde y\u00fcz binlerce asker bulunuyordu. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ama\u00e7 ise Kubilay Han\u2019\u0131n Japonya\u2019\u0131 Mo\u011fol devletine tabi hale getirmekti. Ancak Kubilay Han taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir f\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcz\u00fcnden istenilen ba\u015far\u0131 elde edilemedi. Bu r\u00fczgar\u0131n ismi Kamikaze\u2019dir. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu isim Japon intihar sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde asl\u0131nda gemilerin \u00e7ok ileri teknolojilere sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in sava\u015f gemileri o d\u00f6nemin Avrupa sava\u015f gemilerinden \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcn niteliklere sahiptir. Bir\u00e7ok deniz sava\u015f arac\u0131 da yine bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u0130spanyol Armadas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130spanyol kral\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen \u0130spanyol Armadas\u0131, \u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131 ile olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu armadan\u0131n \u0130ngiltere \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilmesinin amac\u0131 ise Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth\u2019i tahttan indirerek yeniden Katolik y\u00f6netimini hakim duruma getirmektir. \u00c7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan bu armada binlerce askerden olu\u015fuyor ve olduk\u00e7a cesur kaptanlar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Ancak sald\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gemilerin neredeyse 3\u2019te biri denizin dibine batm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu\u00a0\u0130spanyol armadas\u0131 bat\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>da yine d\u00f6nemin tarihsel s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi bilgiler ortaya sermektedir. (\u0130spanyol Han\u00e7eri<\/a>)<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kyrenia Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"kyrenia
Kyrenia Gemi Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunan Kyrenia, olduk\u00e7a iyi korunmu\u015f olan bir bat\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu bat\u0131k M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131la aittir. 2300 y\u0131ll\u0131k olan bu Yunan ticaret gemisi klasik Yunan tekneleri ile olduk\u00e7a benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu bat\u0131k \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar geminin d\u00f6rt tane m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 ile Rodos\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. M\u00d6 306 senesinde bir korsan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ile bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geminin g\u00f6vdesinde ise 8 tane m\u0131zrak izine rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bat\u0131k korsanlar hakk\u0131ndaki ilk bilgileri ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Mary Rose ve Vasa Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"mary
Mary Rose ve Vasa Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131 \u2013 Mary Rose<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc gemi bat\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>aras\u0131nda Mary Rose ve Vasa bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait olan iki \u00f6nemli bat\u0131kt\u0131r. Her iki bat\u0131kta bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fisel e\u015fya, silahlar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli seyir donan\u0131mlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1510 tarihinde in\u015fa edilen ve 1545 senesinde sava\u015fa giderken batan Mary Rose gemisi \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 8. Henry i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir gurur kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Vasa gemisi ise daha ilk seferinde 1628 senesinde Stockholm liman\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda su dibine indi.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Titanic<\/span><\/h2>\n

Hemen hemen herkes\u00a0Titanic’i\u00a0ve onun kaderini\u00a0bilir\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c7o\u011fumuz bunu\u00a0, geminin \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini i\u00e7eren\u00a0James Cameron’\u0131n 1997 yap\u0131m\u0131 ve mega gi\u015fe rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131ran Titanic filminden biliriz.\u00a0S\u00f6zde “batmaz” okyanus gemisi, 10 Nisan 1912’de seyahate ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 14 Nisan gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan hemen \u00f6nce bir buzda\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arparak \u00fc\u00e7 saatten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde batt\u0131. 1.514 can kayb\u0131 ile tarihin en \u00fcnl\u00fc ve trajik gemi kazalar\u0131ndan biri olarak haf\u0131zalarda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"titanic\"
Titanic Gemi Bat\u0131klar\u0131 \u2013 ATLANTIC PRODUCTIONS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda tespit edilen geminin k\u0131\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n neredeyse tamamen par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, pruvan\u0131n \u00e7ok daha iyi durumda oldu\u011fu ve baz\u0131 i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n inan\u0131lmaz derecede sa\u011flam oldu\u011fu tespit edildi. Gemi enkaz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce eser d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen Yaz\u0131:\u00a0D\u00fcnyaca \u00dcnl\u00fc Gelmi\u015f Ge\u00e7mi\u015f En iyi Ressamlar<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130maj Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n